Yumplatok
Wanem streinz genetik diziz?
Wanem DNA ane wanem stori e mait gad?
Miting wea genetic helth woka
Question nyanganpa rawangku tjapilpai
Question nyanganpa rawangku tjapilpai
1. DNA, Chromosomes, ane Genes
Wanem DNA?
DNA e wase list po spik wiskain da bodi blo yu go grow, go work ane go luk laik.
Da long neim blo em Deoxyribonucleic Acid, or kasa DNA.
E gad DNA insaid ebriting dat lib - pipol, animal, plant, ane iben dem smol ting wase gibe yu kol sik! Da DNA e gad inpomeisan dat min dat ebriting ken kip laib ane pase da stori blo dempla laip go daun po dempla sildren.
Dem Stori blo yu e dem ting dat meke yu uda yu ane wanem yu luk laik.
E ken bi diskain wase - kala blo hair o eye, o demting yu no kan luk wase - wiskain blad yu gad.
Ip yu luk piksa blo dis DNA, yu go luk em wase lada dat e gad twist. Dempla bin gibe neim po dis lada e gad twist – e double helix.
Dem “step” wea da lada e mekem prom special chemical. Dempla wase code wiskain po bilde bodi blo yu ane po mekem ran prapa. Wi go tokbaut dem special chemical bambai wea dis peipa.
Wea dis DNA e kam prom?
DNA e kam daun wea da blad prom mada ane pada ane go po sildren.
Wan half DNA blo yu e kam prom wan parent ane nada half prom da nada parent. Diswan mait da rizan yu gad ear shape prom pada ane wiskain hair yu gad prom mada.
Nomata dem bala ane sisi blo yu kam prom seim parent, dempla stil no gede da seim mix. Daswai yu ane dem bala ane sisi blo yu go mait luk seimkain but stil yupla go luk lelbet dipren.
Parent blo yu bin gede DNA prom dempla parent ane dempla bin gedem prom dempla parent. Diswan min dat DNA blo yu zoine yu gobaik po dem prapa longtaim athe ane aka blo yu.
Wea ol paine da DNA?
DNA e de insaid ebri sel blo yu. Ane dem sel kam tugeda ane meke bodi blo yu.
Dem sel wok tugeda po meke skin blo yu, ane muscle, ol bon ane insaid gas blo yu. Ebrikain sel e gad dipren zob po mekem. Dem muscle sel elpe yu po move; dem sel wea lung elpe yu po brith; ane dem skin sel protekt bodi blo yu.
Dem dipren sel yuze dipren mesiz prom DNA po meke da wok blo dempla.
Wanem dis chromosome?
DNA e luk wase prapa long string. Ip yu leidaun dem DNA prom wan sel blo yu, e go bi 2 metre long!
Dem DNA e kam wase smol package o grup po help stapem prom kam damiz ane stapem prom twist. E kole dem package “chromosomes”. Ebri chromosome e kare dipren part blo DNA blo yu.
Ip yu ken teke “piksa” blo dem chromosomes e go luk samting diskain:
Most pipol gad 46 chromosomes. 23 kam prom da mada, ane 23 kam prom da pada.
Ol bin gibe namba po dem chromosome prom saiz blo dempla. Yu mada gibe yu wan kopi blo ebri chromosome namba blo em ane pada blo yu gibe nada kopi.
Ane e gad tu spesil chromosome, kolem “X” ane “Y”. Demtu da “sex chromosomes” ane demtu da wan dat disaid sex blo yu - ip yu bon boi o yu gel.
Wanem dem leta A, C, G, ane T e min?
DNA e gad spesil code wea e gad four leta: A, C, G, ane T.
Ol bin gibe dem neim prom dem chemical insaid dat DNA:
A = adenine
C = cytosine
G = guanine
T = thymine
A ebritaim zoin wea T
C ebritaim zoin wea G
Dem leta meke word dat bodi blo yu yuzem wase instruction po bilde emselp ane wiskain po wok.
A T G T T A G G C T G
Nomata ebriwan gad seimkain DNA, dem smol seinz wea da wei dem leta e leidaun meke ebriwan dipren.
A T G T T C G G C T G
Dem smol seinz go disaid ol ting wase wiskain yu go bi tall, hair kala, ane iben wiskain kaikai yu go laik!
A T G T T T G G C T G
Samtaimz e gad misteik wea da wei dem leta leidaun po gibe instruction o wan leta e no de. Diskain ting ken meke problem wea da bodi - wase meke sambodi sik, o em stape da bodi prom wok da wei e spostu wok.
Wanem gene?
Gene e smol pat blo da DNA wea e gad instruction po meke spesil zob wea yu bodi.
Bodi blo yumpla e gad 20,000 dem gene!
AAGTCCATGC ... TTCGAGATCC ... GATTCCAGTA ...
Ebri gene e gad spesil wei, dem dipren leta, A, C, G, T, zoin tugeda. E seimkain wen leta wea alphabet kam tugeda po meke word.
Wiskain dem gene ken afekt helth blo mi?
Plenti taim dem smol seinz wea DNA no meke eni problem. Samtaimz dem seinz wea gene ken stapem prom wok prapa. Wen dis wan e apen e min dat sambodi mait gede dipren helth problem.
Samtaimz e gad seim helth problem wea plenti pipol wea wan pamle. E diskain bikoz da problem e kam daun wea da DNA.
Sam dem dipren taip blo diabetes ane cancer e diskain wea sam pamle.
Nada taim, dis seinz wea wan gene e onli kam daun lo pamlelain po wan person.
Yu mas rimemba, yu ken meke nating po kontrol wiskain dem gene e wok.
Ip wan gene e no wok prapa, e no samting yu bin mekem.
Ane no ebri seinz wea ol gene e go min dat yu go kam sik.
Samtaimz e min dat yu mait kam sik prom dat seinz wea da gene.
E gad dem tu word, genetics ane genomics. Wiskain demtu dipren?
Dem tu werd e luk seimkain, but genetics ane genomics e dipren.
Genetics
e diswan, wen dempla mata meke stadi blo wan o tu gene. Genetics e luk wiswei da stori blo dem gene e pas prom mada ane pada go po dempla sildren, ane wiskain dem gene afekt helth.
Genomics
e da stadi blo ebri gene blo sambodi.
Genomics e stadi po paindaut wiskain ebri dem gene wok tugeda.
2. Wi go explein Genetic Testing
Wanem genetic testing?
Genetic testing e special helth test wea em stadi DNA blo yu. Dis stadi e elp dem dokta po andastan dem gene ane wiskain e afekt helth blo yu. So testing go elp dem dokta po gibe yu da bes care dempla ken gibem.
Wiskain dis genetic testing ken elpe mi?
Genetic testing ken elpe yu wea dipren wei wase:
Paine ansa: Ip yu sik ane dem nada helth test no bin paindaut wanem rong, genetic testing mait elp dem dokta po andastan wanem rong.
Pamle stori: Ip pipol wea yu pamle gad da seimkain sik o diziz, den genetic testing blo yu ken paindaut yu mait gad da seim problem.
Choose da rait tritment: Sam medsin wok beta wea dipren pipol. Genetic testing ken elpe dokta disaid wanem tritment mait wok prapa po yu, wase dem sik wase cancer.
Wen yu plan po kam pamle: Ip yu stat tink po kam pamle, genetic testing ken paindaut ip yu beibi mait gede da seimkain problem.
Udat ai go luk po gede genetic testing?
Ip yu bin tingbaut po gede genetic testing, da pas ting po yu po mekem e po luk ol helth pipol wase dokta. E mait bi komuniti helth woka wea komuniti, dokta, o Aboriginal Helth woka.
Dempla ken elpe yu po andastan genetic testing ane ip e samting yu mait wande mekem.
Ebriwan e dipren so dempla mait sane yu po dipren pipol wase:
Specialist dokta: Dis dokta bin gad treining wea dipren eria blo helth. Em mait bin gad treining wea genetics, o wea brain (neurologist), o lo heart (cardiologist). Ane dempla mait meke mo test po disaid ip yu nide po gede genetic testing.
Genetic counsellor: E helth woka uda bin gad mo treining po explein wiskain genetic testing e wok, wanem yu ken ane no kan paindaut, ane wanem dem ansa mait min po yu and pamle blo yu. Dempla ken gibe sapot bipo yu gede test ane apta da test. [Click ya] po paindaut mo baut genetic counselling.
Mo helth professionals: Pipol gad dipren problem wea helth so dempla mait wande yu go luk ol dipren dokta. Yu mait luk paediatrician (em lukapta sildren), o oncologist (em sabe baut cancer ane genetics), o nada dokta uda sabe baut oman uda wande kam pamle but gad demkain problem.
Dokta o heth woka blo yu elpe yu po tok wea da rait pipol. Ip yu wande sabe mo baut dem dipren helth professionals uda wok wea genetic testing, den [click ya].
Wiskain dis genetic testing e wok?
Bipo yu gede genetic testing, helth woka - wase dokta o genetic counsellor - go tok po yu baut wanem dem test ken o no kan paindaut. Den dempla go explein wiskain dempla meke genetic test ane den ansa eni kweston ya gad. Yu onli go gede da test ip yu gri yu wandem ane yu bin gibe consent.
Ip yu gri, yu go nid po gibe smol sample. Dis sample go bi blad o spet. Samtaimz dempla go rabe swab insaid maut o teke smol pis blo skin. Samtaimz dempla mait wande teke dipren kain sample.
Dempla sane da sample po laboratory, wea scientist go yuze spesil machine po stadi da DNA. Dempla go stadi dem gene po luk ip e gad eni seinz. Eni seinz wea DNA mait explein da helth problem yu gad, o ip yu mait gede samting bambai, o em gibe aidia po wiskain po trite da problem.
Dempla onli stadi smol part blo da DNA, dem part blo da DNA wea e mait gad dem helth problem wea da dokta e wande luk. Samtaimz dem dokta mait wande luk ebri part blo da DNA. Em mait mekem diskain ip em no sabe wanem meke yu sik.
Bikoz genetics e prapa hard po andastan, ol dipren special dokta mait wande kam po stadi ane andastan wanem dem rizalt e min. Dempla mait aske nada scientists, genetic specialists, ane nada pipol uda stadi genetics po meik sure ol gad da bes ansa. Dem stadi ken teke long taim— samtaimz e ken teke plenti wik o mants. Diswan bikoz e gad dipren test ol ken mekem.
Wen dem rizalt e redi, yu dokta or genetic counsellor go explein dem rizalt po yu. Dempla go explein wanem dem rizalt i min po yu ane pamle blo yu. Den dempla go tokbaut wanem ol ken mekem next ane ip dempla wande meke mo test.
3. Dem ting po Tingbaut Bipo ai go Gede Genetic Testing
Wiskain ai go gede da sapot ai nid?
Genetic test go gibe yu olkain ting po tingbaut. Ane e go gad olkain inpomeisan po andastan. E gad sam aidia ya po mekem mo izi po yu.
E ken teke sambodi kam wea yu – Sapot person o transleita ken elpe yu po rilaks ane aske dem impotant kweston.
Paine grup uda ken akt po yu – E gad organisations wea ebri state ane territory uda ken gibe sapot. [Click ya] po luk map.
Aske pamle ane pren – Dempla ken gibe da sapot yu nidem, ane genetic test mait bi impotant po dempla tu.
Aumas dis genetic testing go cost?
Aumas mani e go cost depend on wiskain test yu go gedem. Medicare o dem gabmant blo dem state o territory mait kaba da cost. Dokta blo yu o genetic counsellor go explein wanem da bes ting po mekem.
Wiskain dis genetic testing go afekt insurance blo mi?
Ip yu gede genetic test o gede dem rizalt, e no kan seinze helth insurance blo yu o aumas yu mas pei po insurance. E nogad rul wea Australia prom stape dem insurance company prom aske yu po teke genetic test o po luk dem rizalt.
Dempla mait wande paindaut ip yu gad mo risk po gede sam helth problem seimkain wase pamle blo yu gad. E mait bi cancer o sam streinz sik.
Da Australian Government e gad plan po meke niu rul po protekt pipol. Ip yu wande apply po insurance, dem niu rul go mekem sodat dem insurance company no kan meke yu teke genetic test o aske yu po dem rizalt.
Po gede mo inpomeisan, go luk ya: Ban on the use of adverse genetic testing results in life insurance | Treasury.gov.au
Uda ken luk dem test rizalt blo mi?
Mata yu ane dokta blo yu ken luk dem rizalt. Ip nada person wande luk dem rizalt, yu mas gri pas ane gibe consent. Luk lo da next section po larn mo baut consent.
4. Consent
Wanem consent e min?
Consent e min yu gri dat sambodi lau po luk. Informed consent e min dat yu prapa andastan wanem yu go gri po mekem bipo yu gri po spik wa. E min diskain, dat dempla bin meke ebriting prapa klia po yu bipo yu disaid wanem yu wande spik.
Bipo dempla go meke genetic test, yu dokta o genetic sapot person go explein demting ya:
- Wiskain dem test mait elp yu
- Wanem dem rizalt mait min po yu ane pamle blo yu
- Wea dempla go sane dat blad o spet blo yu ane da DNA, ane wea ol go kipem
- Uda ken luk dem rizalt blo yu
RIMEMBA, NOBODI LAU PO FORCE YU PO SPIK WA. YU MAS PRAPA ANDASTAN EBRITING BIPO YU GIBE CONSENT.
Wiskain ai gibe consent?
E gad tu dipren wei yu ken gibe consent:
Consent wea yu bin raite neim – Yu go sign wea peipa dat yu prapa andastan ebriting ane yu gri po da test.
Consent wea yu bin spik wa – Samtaimz yu ken gibe consent but yu no nid po sign wea peipa.
Ai lau po seinze mind blo mi?
Samtaimz yu mait wande seinze mind blo yu apta yu pinis sain da consent form. Dipren ting ken apen apta dis test:
- Aumas genetic test dempla bin mekem bipo
- Wanem da state o territory wea yu stap
- Wea ol kipe dat spet ane DNA blo yu
Da pas pipol yu ken askem po paindaut e dokta blo yu o genetic counsellor.
Wanem incidental painding?
“Incidental painding” e wen dem genetic test bin paine samting lo inpomeisan baut helth blo yu dat dempla no bin expekt. Wen yu gibe consent, yu ken chose ip yu wande paindaut wanem dem rizalt blo da test. Incidental painding no apen po ebriwan but e stil impotant po go ane tok po dokta blo yu o genetic counsellor baut em.
Pipol lau po yuze genetic data blo mi po meke mo stadi?
Dem pipol uda bin gede dem sample blo yu po genetic testing, ol mas prapa kipem seip ane protekt em. Dempla no lau po share dat inpomeisan wea enibodi.
Ol go protekt da DNA ane dem rizalt blo yu. Onli dem helth professionals uda bin elpe yu ken luk dem rizalt.
Samtaimz yu dokta mait aske yu, ip yu wande zoin wea pipol uda wande meke mo stadi. Diskain stadi ken help scientist lern mo baut helth problems o meke niu medsin.
Ip yu gri, dempla mait share da sample o test rizalt blo yu wea nada spesil dokta. Dempla onli go mekem ip yu gibe consent. Bipo yu gri po mekem, meik sure yu go ask kweston. Rimemba yu lau po spik no ip yu gad eni wori.
Wanem data sovereignty e min?
Genetic inpomeisan blo yu e nadakain spesil.
Data sovereignty e min dat da dem test rizalt blo Indigenous pipol e blo dempla. Dempla bos blo dem rizalt ane dempla ken spik uda ken luk dem rizalt. Dis tinking blo data sovereignty e min dat komuniti ken disaid wiskain ol kolekt genetic inpomeisan, wiskain ol yuzem, ane kipem seip. Ane dempla disaid dat em onli share dat inpomeisan wea em zoin value system blo komuniti, da wei dempla share inpomeisan ane da wei dempla yuzem diskain sabe.
Data sovereignty e prapa impotant part blo genomics bikoz em kip seip kalsa blo yu, em meke decision wea komuniti mo strong, ane em meik sure dat diskain stadi go sapot Indigenous pipol.
Rait nau e gad sam rul po helpe pipol gede dempla genetic inpomeisan ane kontrol em. But dem rul no mit dem nid blo Indigenous komuniti. Dipren grup nau wande seinz da wei ol lukapta genetic data ane sample. Dempla wande meik sure ol prapa rispekt Indigenous data sovereignty.
Po paindaut mo yu ken go po da Maiam nayri Wingara website bai scan da QR code.